Neovim 录制按键及屏幕

按键提示
录屏插件
硬件设备检查
仅录制屏幕
录制屏幕、麦克风、扬声器
安装配置
参考阅读

以前偶尔也会录制一些动图，使用的是 LICEcap，这也是一个开源项目，但是不能录制成视频。在网上搜到不少的录视频的软件，比较火热的是班迪录屏，但是我还是倾向于免费开源方案。

按键提示

Neovim 增加了一个 vim.on_key，这个函数在按键按下后会触发。借助这个函数及 Neovim 的悬浮窗口，实现了一个按键弹窗提示的效果插件 record-key.nvim。默认的着色是 Normal 高亮组，如果需要突出显示，可以设置为：

require('record-key').setup({
  timeout = 3000,
  max_count = 7,
  winhighlight = 'NormalFloat:Todo,FloatBorder:WinSeparator',
})

录屏插件

record-screen.nvim 是一个 Neovim 屏幕录制的插件，借助 ffmpeg 这个命令和 Neovim 的异步机制。

硬件设备检查

前面的设置是只录制桌面图像，但是在日常视频录制的过程中，还是会涉及到其他的一些设备，比如麦克风、摄像头、音响等等。

首先使用 ffmpeg -list_devices true -f dshow -i dummy 命令获取设备列表：

ffmpeg version 7.1.1-full_build-www.gyan.dev Copyright (c) 2000-2025 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 14.2.0 (Rev1, Built by MSYS2 project)
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-w32threads --disable-autodetect --enable-fontconfig --enable-iconv --enable-gnutls --enable-lcms2 --enable-libxml2 --enable-gmp --enable-bzlib --enable-lzma --enable-libsnappy --enable-zlib --enable-librist --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libzmq --enable-avisynth --enable-libbluray --enable-libcaca --enable-libdvdnav --enable-libdvdread --enable-sdl2 --enable-libaribb24 --enable-libaribcaption --enable-libdav1d --enable-libdavs2 --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libquirc --enable-libuavs3d --enable-libxevd --enable-libzvbi --enable-libqrencode --enable-librav1e --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libvvenc --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxavs2 --enable-libxeve --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libjxl --enable-libvpx --enable-mediafoundation --enable-libass --enable-frei0r --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libharfbuzz --enable-liblensfun --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-libzimg --enable-amf --enable-cuda-llvm --enable-cuvid --enable-dxva2 --enable-d3d11va --enable-d3d12va --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-libvpl --enable-nvdec --enable-nvenc --enable-vaapi --enable-libshaderc --enable-vulkan --enable-libplacebo --enable-opencl --enable-libcdio --enable-libgme --enable-libmodplug --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libshine --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libilbc --enable-libgsm --enable-liblc3 --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopus --enable-libspeex --enable-libvorbis --enable-ladspa --enable-libbs2b --enable-libflite --enable-libmysofa --enable-librubberband --enable-libsoxr --enable-chromaprint
  libavutil      59. 39.100 / 59. 39.100
  libavcodec     61. 19.101 / 61. 19.101
  libavformat    61.  7.100 / 61.  7.100
  libavdevice    61.  3.100 / 61.  3.100
  libavfilter    10.  4.100 / 10.  4.100
  libswscale      8.  3.100 /  8.  3.100
  libswresample   5.  3.100 /  5.  3.100
  libpostproc    58.  3.100 / 58.  3.100
[dshow @ 000001f024fc6d40] "Integrated Camera" (video)
[dshow @ 000001f024fc6d40]   Alternative name "@device_pnp_\\?\usb#vid_13d3&pid_5419&mi_00#7&17d116b8&1&0000#{65e8773d-8f56-11d0-a3b9-00a0c9223196}\global"
[dshow @ 000001f024fc6d40] "麦克风阵列 (Realtek(R) Audio)" (audio)
[dshow @ 000001f024fc6d40]   Alternative name "@device_cm_{33D9A762-90C8-11D0-BD43-00A0C911CE86}\wave_{253B9838-6E9C-47DB-A420-848E63B3931C}"
[in#0 @ 000001f024fad380] Error opening input: Immediate exit requested
Error opening input file dummy.

从上述的输出内容，不难看出，目前支持的设备仅仅有摄像头Integrated Camera和麦克风麦克风阵列 (Realtek(R) Audio)，并没有扬声器，解决方法如下：

一、鼠标右键点击桌面右下角音量图标

二、打开更多音量设置

三、点击录制、右击立体声混声启用

这时候再执行 ffmpeg -list_devices true -f dshow -i dummy 输出为：

ffmpeg version 7.1.1-full_build-www.gyan.dev Copyright (c) 2000-2025 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 14.2.0 (Rev1, Built by MSYS2 project)
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-w32threads --disable-autodetect --enable-fontconfig --enable-iconv --enable-gnutls --enable-lcms2 --enable-libxml2 --enable-gmp --enable-bzlib --enable-lzma --enable-libsnappy --enable-zlib --enable-librist --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libzmq --enable-avisynth --enable-libbluray --enable-libcaca --enable-libdvdnav --enable-libdvdread --enable-sdl2 --enable-libaribb24 --enable-libaribcaption --enable-libdav1d --enable-libdavs2 --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libquirc --enable-libuavs3d --enable-libxevd --enable-libzvbi --enable-libqrencode --enable-librav1e --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libvvenc --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxavs2 --enable-libxeve --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libjxl --enable-libvpx --enable-mediafoundation --enable-libass --enable-frei0r --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libharfbuzz --enable-liblensfun --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-libzimg --enable-amf --enable-cuda-llvm --enable-cuvid --enable-dxva2 --enable-d3d11va --enable-d3d12va --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-libvpl --enable-nvdec --enable-nvenc --enable-vaapi --enable-libshaderc --enable-vulkan --enable-libplacebo --enable-opencl --enable-libcdio --enable-libgme --enable-libmodplug --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libshine --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libilbc --enable-libgsm --enable-liblc3 --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopus --enable-libspeex --enable-libvorbis --enable-ladspa --enable-libbs2b --enable-libflite --enable-libmysofa --enable-librubberband --enable-libsoxr --enable-chromaprint
  libavutil      59. 39.100 / 59. 39.100
  libavcodec     61. 19.101 / 61. 19.101
  libavformat    61.  7.100 / 61.  7.100
  libavdevice    61.  3.100 / 61.  3.100
  libavfilter    10.  4.100 / 10.  4.100
  libswscale      8.  3.100 /  8.  3.100
  libswresample   5.  3.100 /  5.  3.100
  libpostproc    58.  3.100 / 58.  3.100
[dshow @ 0000020942ff6cc0] "Integrated Camera" (video)
[dshow @ 0000020942ff6cc0]   Alternative name "@device_pnp_\\?\usb#vid_13d3&pid_5419&mi_00#7&17d116b8&1&0000#{65e8773d-8f56-11d0-a3b9-00a0c9223196}\global"
[dshow @ 0000020942ff6cc0] "麦克风阵列 (Realtek(R) Audio)" (audio)
[dshow @ 0000020942ff6cc0]   Alternative name "@device_cm_{33D9A762-90C8-11D0-BD43-00A0C911CE86}\wave_{253B9838-6E9C-47DB-A420-848E63B3931C}"
[dshow @ 0000020942ff6cc0] "立体声混音 (Realtek(R) Audio)" (audio)
[dshow @ 0000020942ff6cc0]   Alternative name "@device_cm_{33D9A762-90C8-11D0-BD43-00A0C911CE86}\wave_{A04F0465-843E-4E64-891D-31A28192D215}"
[in#0 @ 0000020942fdd340] Error opening input: Immediate exit requested
Error opening input file dummy.

可以看到有三个设备：

Integrated Camera
麦克风阵列 (Realtek(R) Audio)
立体声混音 (Realtek(R) Audio)

当然，也可以安装开源项目 rdp/screen-capture-recorder-to-video-windows-free，安装完成后，`` 命令输出如下：

ffmpeg version 7.1.1-full_build-www.gyan.dev Copyright (c) 2000-2025 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 14.2.0 (Rev1, Built by MSYS2 project)
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-w32threads --disable-autodetect --enable-fontconfig --enable-iconv --enable-gnutls --enable-lcms2 --enable-libxml2 --enable-gmp --enable-bzlib --enable-lzma --enable-libsnappy --enable-zlib --enable-librist --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libzmq --enable-avisynth --enable-libbluray --enable-libcaca --enable-libdvdnav --enable-libdvdread --enable-sdl2 --enable-libaribb24 --enable-libaribcaption --enable-libdav1d --enable-libdavs2 --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libquirc --enable-libuavs3d --enable-libxevd --enable-libzvbi --enable-libqrencode --enable-librav1e --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libvvenc --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxavs2 --enable-libxeve --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libjxl --enable-libvpx --enable-mediafoundation --enable-libass --enable-frei0r --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libharfbuzz --enable-liblensfun --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-libzimg --enable-amf --enable-cuda-llvm --enable-cuvid --enable-dxva2 --enable-d3d11va --enable-d3d12va --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-libvpl --enable-nvdec --enable-nvenc --enable-vaapi --enable-libshaderc --enable-vulkan --enable-libplacebo --enable-opencl --enable-libcdio --enable-libgme --enable-libmodplug --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libshine --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libilbc --enable-libgsm --enable-liblc3 --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopus --enable-libspeex --enable-libvorbis --enable-ladspa --enable-libbs2b --enable-libflite --enable-libmysofa --enable-librubberband --enable-libsoxr --enable-chromaprint
  libavutil      59. 39.100 / 59. 39.100
  libavcodec     61. 19.101 / 61. 19.101
  libavformat    61.  7.100 / 61.  7.100
  libavdevice    61.  3.100 / 61.  3.100
  libavfilter    10.  4.100 / 10.  4.100
  libswscale      8.  3.100 /  8.  3.100
  libswresample   5.  3.100 /  5.  3.100
  libpostproc    58.  3.100 / 58.  3.100
[dshow @ 0000020d0d8f6d40] "Integrated Camera" (video)
[dshow @ 0000020d0d8f6d40]   Alternative name "@device_pnp_\\?\usb#vid_13d3&pid_5419&mi_00#7&17d116b8&1&0000#{65e8773d-8f56-11d0-a3b9-00a0c9223196}\global"
[dshow @ 0000020d0d8f6d40] "screen-capture-recorder" (video)
[dshow @ 0000020d0d8f6d40]   Alternative name "@device_sw_{860BB310-5D01-11D0-BD3B-00A0C911CE86}\{4EA69364-2C8A-4AE6-A561-56E4B5044439}"
[dshow @ 0000020d0d8f6d40] "立体声混音 (Realtek(R) Audio)" (audio)
[dshow @ 0000020d0d8f6d40]   Alternative name "@device_cm_{33D9A762-90C8-11D0-BD43-00A0C911CE86}\wave_{A04F0465-843E-4E64-891D-31A28192D215}"
[dshow @ 0000020d0d8f6d40] "virtual-audio-capturer" (audio)
[dshow @ 0000020d0d8f6d40]   Alternative name "@device_sw_{33D9A762-90C8-11D0-BD43-00A0C911CE86}\{8E146464-DB61-4309-AFA1-3578E927E935}"
[dshow @ 0000020d0d8f6d40] "麦克风阵列 (Realtek(R) Audio)" (audio)
[dshow @ 0000020d0d8f6d40]   Alternative name "@device_cm_{33D9A762-90C8-11D0-BD43-00A0C911CE86}\wave_{253B9838-6E9C-47DB-A420-848E63B3931C}"
[in#0 @ 0000020d0d8dd380] Error opening input: Immediate exit requested
Error opening input file dummy.

此时多出了两个设备：

screen-capture-recorder
virtual-audio-capturer

仅录制屏幕

如果仅仅需要录制桌面，而不需要录制摄像头和声音，可以使用如下配置：

require('record-screen').setup({
    command = 'ffmpeg',
    argvs = {
        '-f',
        'gdigrab',
        '-i',
        'desktop',
        '-pix_fmt',
        'yuv420p',
        '-f',
        'mp4',
    },
})

录制屏幕、麦克风、扬声器

require('record-screen').setup({
    cmd = 'ffmpeg',
    argvs = {
        '-f',
        'dshow',
        '-i',
        'audio=麦克风阵列 (Realtek(R) Audio)',
        '-f',
        'dshow',
        '-i',
        'audio=立体声混音 (Realtek(R) Audio)',
        '-filter_complex',
        'amix=inputs=2:duration=first:dropout_transition=2',
        '-f',
        'gdigrab',
        '-r',
        '60',
        '-draw_mouse',
        '1',
        '-i',
        'desktop',
        '-pix_fmt',
        'yuv420p',
        '-f',
        'mp4',
    },
})

录制视频时，偶尔会遇到类似于 real-time buffer frame dropped 这样的错误提示，参考issue 136 提到的解决方案，增加参数 -rtbufsize 1500M

安装配置

使用 nvim-plug 插件管理器：

require('plug').add({
    {
        'wsdjeg/record-key.nvim',
        cmds = { 'RecordKeyToggle' },
        config_before = function()
            vim.keymap.set(
                'n',
                '<leader>rk',
                '<cmd>RecordKeyToggle<cr>',
                { silent = true }
            )
        end,
    },
    {
        'wsdjeg/record-screen.nvim',
        depends = {
            { 'wsdjeg/job.nvim' },
            { 'wsdjeg/notify.nvim' },
        },
        config = function()
            require('plugins.record-screen')
        end,
    },
})

插件详细配置参考文件 nvim-config/lua/plugins/record-screen.lua

通过这个配置文件，我新建了一个用户自定义命令 :RecordScreen，支持如下参数：

-camera: 录制摄像头
-speaker: 录制扬声器
--microphone: 录制麦克风

使用 :RecordScreen stop 停止录屏。

参考阅读

抛弃又贵又难用的录屏软件，3 分钟入门 FFmpeg